14 Jul 2019

The Empathy Gap - The Book

By William Collins, aka MRA-UK: My book “The Empathy Gap: Male Disadvantages and the Mechanisms of Their Neglect” is now available. It can be purchased from Amazon.co.uk (https://tinyurl.com/y2d8ulxf) and from Amazon.com (https://tinyurl.com/y6kk4nuz).
I apologise about the price, but at just short of 700 pages, this is the printers costs, not profit.
I have uploaded a number of readings from the book to my YouTube channel, as a taster…
Selected readings from chapter 1: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MRtI_2qJerE
From the last chapter, a summary of the empathy gap in Education
From the last chapter, a summary of the empathy gap in Health and Longevity
From the last chapter, a summary of the empathy gap in Male Genital Mutilation
From the last chapter, a summary of the empathy gap in Work, Pay, Tax and Pensions
From the last chapter, a summary of the empathy gap in Imprisonment
From the last chapter, a summary of the empathy gap in Violence and Abuse
From the last chapter, a summary of the empathy gap in the Family Courts
From the last chapter, a summary of the empathy gap in Alienation and Fatherlessness
From the last chapter, a summary of the empathy gap in Men’s Fertility and Paternity Fraud
From the last chapter, a summary of the empathy gap in Homelessness and Mental Health
From the last chapter, a summary of the empathy gap in Rape, False Allegations, and the Story Less Told about Sexual Assault
Finally, the Closing Section

The back cover of the book…



Some accolades from the back cover
As an indication of the massive scope of the book, here is the complete Contents…Preface
1. The Differently Gendered Society
1.1 Purpose of this Book    
1.2 Equality?          
1.3 What is the Origin of the Empathy Gap?           
1.3.1 The Nine Factors Underlying the Empathy Gap
1.3.2 Discussion of the Factors Underlying the Empathy Gap
1.4 Aims and Limitations
2. Education         
2.1 Primary School Attainment      
2.2 Secondary School Attainment Aged 16  
2.3 A Levels           
2.4 University Entry           
2.5 Gender Gap and the Nature of the Award         
2.6 Innate Gender Difference? Adult Competencies
2.7 School Staff and Stereotyping    
2.8 University Staff, STEMM and Athena Swan       
2.9 Gender Skew in Provision         
2.10 Perceptions and Expectations  
2.11 Worldwide      
2.12 Summary: The Education Empathy Gap          
3. Physical Health and Longevity    
3.1 Gender Disparity in Premature and Early Death
3.2 The Leading Causes of Premature Death (<75 nbsp="" p=""> 3.2.1 Cardiovascular Diseases         
3.2.2 Cancers         
3.2.3 HIV-AIDS      93
3.3 The Leading Causes of Early Death (<45 93="" nbsp="" p=""> 3.4 Occupational Health and Workplace Injuries and Deaths 94
3.4.1 Workplace Deaths in History   94
3.4.2 Workplace Deaths Now          96
3.4.3 Non-Fatal Injuries at Work     96
3.4.4 Occupational Health Issues     96
4. Men’s Access to Healthcare and Health Spending by Sex  99
4.1 Men’s Access to Healthcare        99
4.2 Global Health of Men   106
4.3 Healthcare and Health Research Spending          106
4.3.1 USA Healthcare Spending by Sex        107
4.3.2 USA Health Research Spending by Sex            108
4.4 The Empathy Gap in Men’s Health        109
5. Male Genital Mutilation: History and Harm          114
5.1 Anatomy, Histology and Function of the Foreskin          117
5.1.1 Foreskin Development: Retraction       120
5.2 The History of MGM    121
5.3 MGM Procedures, Practitioners and Risk           125
5.3.1 Risks of the Procedure            127
5.4 Prevalence and Incidence of MGM        128
5.5 The Harmful Effects of MGM   131
5.5.1 Studies of Sensitivity    131
5.5.2 Studies of Men’s Sexual Experience after Circumcision 134
5.5.3 Survey Evidence: Men’s Subjective Experience of Circumcision            138
6. MGM: Claimed Benefits and Legality       141
6.1 Background to the 2017 review of Morris et al    141
6.2 Critique of the claims of Morris et al, 2017.         143
6.2.1 Urinary Tract Infections          143
6.2.2 Phimosis        145
6.2.3 Balanitis / Candidiasis 146
6.2.4 Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)            146
6.2.5 Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)           146
6.2.6 Other Diseases           150
6.3 The Opinion of Medical Bodies Worldwide        152
6.4 Legal Issues       155
6.4.1 The Illegality of MGM in the UK        155
6.4.2 Attempts to Make MGM Illegal in Other Countries      158
6.5 The Male Genital Mutilation Empathy Gap        161
7. Work, Pay, Tax, Spending and Pensions   164
7.1 UK Unemployment Data           165
7.2 UK Economic Inactivity             167
7.3 Gendered Occupations  169
7.3.1 The Public Sector        171
7.3.2 Armed Forces 172
7.3.3 Apprenticeships          172
7.3.4 The Gender Equality “Paradox”          173
7.3.5 Diversity?       177
7.4 The UK Gender Pay Gap          179
7.5 Gender Pay Gap Reporting: Company Submissions        183
7.6 Working Hours: The Gender Pay Gap is a Work Gap     185
7.7 Spending and Wealth by Sex      189
7.7.1 UK in Year 1993/4     190
7.7.2 Wealth and Spending, UK and USA, 2008 to 2018       192
7.8 Income Taxes    194
7.9 Pensions           196
7.9.1 Occupational and Personal Pensions; the Private and Public Sectors      196
7.9.2 The State Pension       201
7.9.3 Numbers of Payees and Recipients       203
7.9.4 Gender Pension Inequality?     206
7.10 Housework and Unpaid Caring 207
7.10.1 Men and Housework 207
7.10.2 Men as Unpaid Carers           209
7.11 The Empathy Gap in Work, Pay, Wealth, Spending and Taxes   209
8. Imprisonment     213
8.1 Harsher Treatment for Men       213
8.1.1 Harsher Treatment Over Time            213
8.1.2 Harsher Treatment by Sex       215
8.2 Pop Goes the Woozle    233
8.3 Characteristics of Prisoners        235
8.3.1 Children in Prison       236
8.3.2 Prisoners’ IQ  238
8.4 Male Prisoners and Their Families          239
8.5 Self-Harming in Prison  239
8.6 Deaths in Prison            241
8.6.1 Suicide in Prison         241
8.6.2 Deaths in Prison from ‘Natural’ Causes           241
8.7 The Empathy Gap in Imprisonment       243
9. Violence and Abuse         245
9.1 All Violence       245
9.1.1 Victims           245
9.1.2 Perpetrators    251
9.2 Violence and Abuse Within the Home: Men as Victims   253
9.2.1 Incidence of Male Victims: Survey Data           255
9.2.2 Severe Force   258
9.2.3 Demographic Dependence of DA       258
9.2.4 Domestic Violence and Marital Status  259
9.2.5. Repeated Domestic Abuse      260
9.2.6 Reports to Police, Prosecutions and Convictions          260
9.2.7 Domestic Homicides   261
9.2.8 International Studies of Domestic Abuse         268
9.2.9 Dads as Victims of Domestic Violence 270
9.2.10 Domestic Abuse Services: The Sexes Compared         271
9.2.11 Perpetrator Programmes       272
9.3 The Empathy Gap for Men as Victims of Violence         275
10. Family Court Statistics    280
10.1 Family Court Statistics (England and Wales)      280
10.2 The Paramountcy Principle and the Perception of Risk  281
10.3 Legal Aid, LASPO and the Role of False Allegations     282
10.3.1 Legal Aid and LASPO           282
10.3.2 The Domestic Violence Legal Aid Gateway    283
10.3.3 Prevalence of Allegations of Domestic Abuse 285
10.3.4 Which Sex Gets Legal Aid in the Family Courts?        286
10.3.5 Routes through the Gateway  289
10.3.6 Statistics of Domestic Violence Remedy Orders         290
10.4 Lobbying and Serious Case Reviews      292
10.5 The Empathy Gap Against Fathers in the Family Courts           294
11. Are the Family Courts Biased Against Fathers?   296
11.1. Introduction   296
11.2 The 2008 Study of Hunt & MacLeod    297
11.3 Lawyers’, Judges’ and Court Officers’ Opinions 303
11.4 The 2015 Study of Harding and Newnham       304
11.5 Enforcement   308
11.6 What Proportion of Separating Couples Apply to Court?           312
11.7 Actual Contact Outcomes        313
11.8 Financial Issues           317
11.9 The Empathy Gap Against Non-Resident Fathers         318
12. Parental Alienation, ACEs and the Woozling of Shared Parenting            322
12.1 What is Parental Alienation?     322
12.1.1 Prevalence of Alienation        326
12.2 Adverse Childhood Experiences           329
12.2.1 Behaviour and Health Outcomes of ACEs     330
12.2.2 ACEs and Parental Involvement        332
12.3 Woozling Shared Parenting      333
12.4 Parental Conflict and the Benefit of Contact     341
12.5 Empathy Gap in Alienation and Shared Care    342
13. The Drivers of Fatherlessness    343
13.1 Marriage, Divorce, Cohabitation and Single Living: the Data      344
13.2 Statistics on Children’s Living Arrangements     349
13.3 The Decline of Marriage Drives Fatherlessness 351
13.4 The Socioeconomics of Marriage: The Marriage Gap    353
13.5 Summary of the Drivers of Fatherlessness         356
14. The Effect of Fatherlessness on Outcomes for Children 358
14.1 The Differing Perspectives on Fatherhood        359
14.2 Families Without Fatherhood, Dennis & Erdos, 1992    360
14.3 The Big Picture – A Selection of Studies            363
14.4 The Study of Radl, Salazar and Cebolla-Boado, 2017     368
14.5 The Study of McLanahan, Tach and Schneider, 2013     371
14.6 The Indirect Empathy Gap for Fatherless Children       373
15. Paternity and Its Enemies          375
15.1 Men’s Control Over Their Own Fertility            376
15.1.1 Male Contraception   376
15.1.2 Option Denied?        378
15.1.3 Men’s Fertility            380
15.2 Mispaternity and Paternity Fraud          384
15.2.1 Terminology and Perception  384
15.2.2 The Prevalence of Mispaternity          385
15.2.3 Men are Not Legally Entitled to Know if a Child is Theirs (UK)         391
15.2.4 A “Thin View” of Fatherhood?         395
15.3 The Empathy Gap Against Paternity and Male Fertility  402
16. Homelessness and Loneliness    403
16.1 Statutory Homelessness and “Single” Homelessness      403
16.1.1 Statutory Homelessness in England   406
16.1.2 Statutory Homelessness in Scotland   408
16.1.3 Statutory Homelessness in Wales       409
16.1.4 Statutory Homelessness in Northern Ireland   410
16.1.5 Statutory Homelessness: The Big Picture on Gender  410
16.2 Rough Sleepers            411
16.2.1 Rough Sleeper Counts in England     411
16.2.2 CHAIN Data for London     413
16.2.3 Rough Sleeper Counts in Wales         416
16.3 Deaths of Rough Sleepers        417
16.3.1 Bethany Thomas 2012 Data   417
16.3.2 ONS Data    417
16.3.3 Data from the Bureau of Investigative Journalism       419
16.4 Loneliness       421
16.4.1 Loneliness Survey in England            422
16.4.2 Loneliness Survey in Wales    424
16.5 The Empathy Gap in Homelessness and Loneliness      427
17. Mental Ill-Health and Substance Abuse  429
17.1 Mental Ill Health in Adults       430
17.1.1 Common Mental Disorders   430
17.1.2 Personality Disorders 432
17.1.3 Autism Spectrum Disorders  434
17.1.4 Psychotic Disorders  436
17.1.5 Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)     437
17.1.6 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)         438
17.1.7 Bipolar Disorder       439
17.1.8 Mental Disorders and Employment    440
17.1.9 Access to Treatment by Demographic            440
17.2 Mental Ill Health in Children and Young Adults            441
17.2.1 All Disorders 441
17.2.2 Emotional Disorders 443
17.2.3 Behavioural Disorders           444
17.2.4 Hyperactivity Disorders        445
17.2.5 Autism, Eating Disorders and Less Common Disorders         446
17.2.6 Mental Health Medication of Children           447
17.2.7 Demographic, Lifestyle and Sexuality Factors 448
17.2.8 Teenagers and Students in the USA   449
17.3 Substance Abuse          450
17.3.1 Alcohol Abuse          451
17.3.2 Drug Abuse  451
17.4 People Detained under the Mental Health Act   452
17.5 APA and BPS Guidelines for the Psychological Practice with Boys and Men      453
17.5.1 APA Versus Data      461
17.6 The Empathy Gap in Mental Health Perceptions           463
18. Suicide, Suicidality and Self-Harm           466
18.1 Self-Harm, Suicidality and Suicide Attempts (England)  466
18.2 Suicide 470
18.2.1 UK Suicide Statistics and Trends       470
18.2.2 The Suicide Paradox  476
18.2.3 Reasons for the High Male Suicide Rate         476
18.2.4 Methods of Suicide and Suicide Attempts       489
18.3 Male Suicide: Narratives, Rationalisations and Blaming  491
18.4 The Empathy Gap in Suicide    496
19. Rape and False Allegations         501
19.1 Definition of Sexual Offences  502
19.2 Prevalence of Rape and Police Reports 506
19.3 Conviction Statistics for Rape   510
19.3.1 Sex of Rape Victims and Defendants 516
19.4 Attrition          517
19.5 Rape Trials and Juries   521
19.5.1 Video Evidence by Complainants      522
19.5.2 “Training” Rape Trial Juries   522
19.5.3 Rape Trials Without Juries?   523
19.6 False Allegations of Rape         524
19.6.1 The Harm Done by False Allegations 531
19.7 Disclosure       533
19.8 The Empathy Gap in Accusations of Sexual Assault      540
20. Sexual Assault: The Story Less Told       543
20.1 Sex Offender Prisoner Statistics (UK)   544
20.2 Examples of Women’s Sexual Abuse of Minors 546
20.3 The Prevalence of Female Sexual Abuse of Minors (UK)           550
20.4 Male Offenders’ History of Childhood Sexual Abuse     552
20.5 Perceptions of Female Perpetration and the Damage Done       556
20.6 The Sex of the Victim  558
20.7 Female Offender Sentencing    559
20.8 Female Sexual Offending in Correctional Facilities in the USA  560
20.9 Sexual Assault of Adult Men by Women           563
20.10 Adult Prison Sexual Assault    568
20.11 War Rape      570
20.12 The Empathy Gap in Sexual Assault   572
21. Reprise: The Case for the Empathy Gap 575
21.1 Education        578
21.2 Health and Longevity   579
21.3 Male Genital Mutilation            581
21.4 Work, Pay, Tax and Pensions   582
21.5 Imprisonment 584
21.6 Violence and Abuse     585
21.7 Family Courts  588
21.8 Alienation, ACES and Shared Care       590
21.9 Drivers of Fatherlessness         591
21.10 Effects of Fatherlessness on Children 591
21.11 Men’s Fertility and Paternity Fraud     592
21.12 Homelessness and Loneliness 593
21.13 Mental Health            594
21.14 Suicide           595
21.15 Rape and False Allegations     598
21.16 Sexual Assault: The Story Less Told    599
21.17 In Conclusion            601
Acronyms   603
References  607
Index         671


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